Global Warming Outline Essay

Pierre de Fermat was born in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France in August of 1601 and died in 1665. He is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of the seventeenth century. Fermat is considered to be one of the ‘fathers’ of analytic geometry. Fermat along with Blaise Pascal is also considered to be one of the founders of probability theory. Fermat also made contributions in the field of optics and provided a law on light travel and made wrote a few papers about calculus well before Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz were actually born.Fermat’s most important work was done in the development of modern number theory which was one of his favorite areas in math. He is best remembered for his number theory, in particular for Fermat’s Last Theorem. This theorem states that: xn + yn = zn has no non-zero integer solutions for x, y and z when n is greater than 2. Fermat almost certainly wrote the marginal note around 1630, when he first studied Diophantus’s Arithmetic. It may well be that Fermat realized that his prove was wrong, however, since all his other theorems were stated and restated in challenge problems that Fermat sent to other mathematicians. Although the special cases of n = 3 and n = 4 were issued as challenges the general theorem was never mentioned again by Fermat. In fact in all the mathematical work left by Fermat there is only one proof. Fermat proves that the area of a right trangle cannot be a square. See more: what is essay format Meaning that a rational triangle cannot be a rational square. In symbols, there do not exist integers x, y, z with x2 + y2 = z2 such that xy/2 is a square. From this it is easy to deduce the n = 4 case of Fermat’s theorem. The proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem marks the end of a mathematical era. Since all of the tools which were brought to bear on the problem still had to be invented in the time of Fermat. Judging by the tenacity with which the problem wa for so long, Fermat’s alleged proof seems likely to have been illusionary. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that Fermat searched for proofs for the cases and , which would have been superfluous had he actually been in possession of a general proof.

Literature Review on Customer Relationship Essay

The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. â€Å"CRM†, or Customer Relationship Management, is one of the most important topics in the business world. Its attributes and consequences cannot be disaffirmed. Without proper customer relationship management, there is no way you can build interest and acquire and retain customers to the business, in order to be profitable. CRM features an embryonic reputation and it is getting among the most popular educational as well as useful subjects in the industrial area. Due to the competing atmosphere, it has turn into a niche with regard to a company’s overall performance. Still there is certainly restricted investigation which shows the relationship between CRM and hotels’ overall performance. Consequently this particular research is a try to give a worth conceptual model which describes the actual speculative linkages between CRM and hotel’s performance. This particular research just not explains the connection among CRM and hotel performance, but in addition describes the actual mediation part of promoting/marketing abilities in the relationship. â€Å"CRM is never done, it is an ongoing effort.† The essence of a customer-focused environment is a preliminary indication of how the hotel industry can truly benefit from a strategic and focused approach to CRM. Hotel companies have in evidence had recourse to elements of CRM for a variety of strategic and tactical reasons. It is argued that the success of a strategy depends not only on the ability of a company to identify and understand what its target customers genuinely need and want, but also on the company’s ability to deliver enhanced value in terms of these specific needs and wants (Diana Luck and Geoff Lancaster ,2013). In order to remain competitive, hospitality and tourism companies must adopt the knowledge management approach (Ruhanen & Cooper, 2004). As customers become more experienced at finding the best deals for hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tourist destinations, the hospitality and tourism organizations face increasingly intense worldwide competition. Considering  the severe competition and the nature of the industry, employees and managers have to acquire more knowledge, in order to consistently provide the best deals and service to customers. What is more, customers’ preferences can be various and changeable, requiring employees and managers to understand the changes and continue to provide the best experience (Hallin & Marnburg, 2008). However, the question often posed is: What kind of knowledge should be obtained in order to gain competitive advantage (Ruhanen & Cooper, 2004). One of the basic and most common sources of failure for CRM implementations is a missing customer strategy â€Å"as the creation of a unique and valuable position involving a different set of activities†. A robust customer strategy is based on customer segmentation is one of the first steps necessary when implementing a sound CRM solution (Gillies et al.2002). Human beings have had the urge to select and choose what to them can satisfy their desires since creation and will continue to have this desire because of their changing nature. This tendency makes them explore what to them is the best in terms of quality when purchasing, especially in the area of service consumption. This is supported by Palmer’s assertion that: â€Å"customers have always been concerned about quality and that the proliferation of competitive market for a lot of services has also made customers become more selective in the services they choose†. This attitude means that service providers must be innovative in their service provision and delivery. The Hotel Industry is also experiencing increased globalization, competition, higher customer turnover, growing customer acquisition costs and rising customer expectations, meaning that hotels’ performance and competitiveness is significantly dependent on their ability to satisfy customers efficiently and effectively. To enhance profitability and guest loyalty, hotels must nowadays focus on implementing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies/techniques that aim to seek, gather and store the right information, validate and share it throughout the entire organization and then use it throughout all organizational levels for creating personalized and unique guests’ experiences (Nana Yaw Asabere and Vida Doku, IJAIEM, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013). To retain customers, the relationship with customers has to be managed in a long-term and trusting manner for mutual benefits. Thus, the adoption of CRM should enhance the hotels’ performance through increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty, declining customer acquisition costs and increasing profitability by customers who are willing to pay a premium for better services (Piccoli et al., 2003). Although CRM is imperative for organizational survival, its implementation has resulted in mixed outcomes (King and Burgess, 2008), which is customer oriented believing that customer loyalty increases organization’s profitability. Therefore, Performance is improved since CRM involves the ongoing process development of market intelligence for building and maintaining a profit-maximizing portfolio of customer relationship (see Zablah et al., 2004). Thus, the hotels are expected to use strategy that focused on customers in order to sustain their competitive advantage. For these hotels, the use of the financial measures is not only short-term oriented but also inadequate to capture the customer perspective of performance (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Customer-related performance measures are therefore needed to quantify customer relationships (Shoemaker and Lewis, 1999) and to differentiate customers who are worthy of the CRM efforts (Noone et al., 2003). All participating hotels have practices in place to manage customer relationships. The most commonly cited goal for CRM is guest retention. Evaluation and control are perceived as very important activities not only to create value for the customers, but also to track the performance of the guest contact departments and the customers’ evaluations of the hotel/restaurant experiences (Ada S. Lo, Hong Kong, 2010). Freeland (2002) suggests that organization must address four critical strategies and understand the key interplay with them: * Identifying the customer * Selecting the most appropriate channel to reach the customer * Receiving the effects on the brands value * Determining the most appropriate CRM capabilities (Wolfgang Emperger, 2004) The use of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) application to create a business strategy is an excellent way to increase customer loyalty and customer retention. By personalizing a customer’s stay, a hotel can ensure that customers will come back again and again simply by remembering their favorite beverage, pillow or other preferred amenity (Nick Nikolis, Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2066799).

Why is successful change management difficult to achieve What factors Essay

Why is successful change management difficult to achieve What factors would be most likely to lead to success - Essay Example Organizational personnel oppose the introduction of any sort of change for different reasons; change can alter the hierarchy of positions and induce fundamental shifts in the distribution of power, thus raising concerns among the already powerful workers. Change brings changes in the way work is done while the workers are accustomed to doing things in the traditional way. Changing the way they work seems odd because they are not used to it. Change can require the workers to display new set of skills that they might not already have. Every worker is educated, trained, and skilled to a certain extent and displaying skills beyond that requires further education and training. This becomes even more daunting for the workers when they have to afford the expenses of improving their skills themselves and the organization does not provide for them financially to upgrade their skills. Besides, motivating the workers is one of the most important challenges in front of the management. Within the context of an already existing system, it might be possible to keep the workers motivated. However, when change is implemented, workers come up with new concerns and develop different kinds of needs, thus making it difficult for the management to address those needs and keep a highly motivated workforce. Factors that play an important role in making change management successful in an organization include but are not limited to demonstration of the need for change to the workers, communication between management and workers, training of the workers, and the anticipated positive outcomes of change both for the workers and the organization as a whole. Management assumes the main role in making change management successful since most of these factors are under the control of management. The management should start the process of change management by briefing the workers about the need for change. This can be achieved by calling the workers upon a meeting and telling them what issues an d challenges that organization faces under the current circumstances, and what possible measures can be taken in order to help the organization deal with those challenges successfully. Many a times, management tends to assume that workers understand the organization’s challenges whereas in reality, that is not the case. Workers do need to be shown the true picture as the management sees it, so that they consent with the management that a change needs to be made. After demonstrating the need for change, management should tell the workers what changes in the hierarchy of the power distribution would be made, what technological components would be added to the present system, what skills would the workers need to display, and how they can get those skills. The management should arrange training sessions for the workers either in-house or by rendering the services of an internal trainer. It is imperative that the management upgrades the skills of the workers according to the need s of the changed system to motivate the workers to cooperate with the management in implementing the change. Finally, management needs to closely supervise the workers and resolve any interpersonal issues that are encountered because of the implementation of the change. A potential example of successful change management is British Airways. It all started with the recruitment of a new chairperson in 1981 who noticed the inefficiency of the company and the wastage of valuable resources. So he decided to restructure British Airways to make its business more profitable. The best way realized by him to achieve this was with the help of a change methodology management plan (Faucheux and Scheid,

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example According to this model, the role of the nurse involves the identification of potentials, assets and strengths within the family setting and encouraging the family members to focus on them. The nurses also seek to convert deficits in the family to strengths. Through this model of nursing, families become empowered and can achieve much more in the promoting health. According to this model, health denotes a social phenomenon, and a behavioral code communicated within societal structures such as the family and community at large. This essay will provide an annotation of sources that provide relevant information for use in this research. Allen, F., & Warner, M. (2002). A developmental model of health and nursing. Journal Of Family Nursing, 8(2), 96-135. Summary This article provides one of the critical essays written by Allen Moyra, the developer of the developmental model of health and nursing. She sought to develop a model that would describe a relevant organization with the potential of bringing the family unit and health professionals into working to promote health. The McGill model, as it is also referred, is one of the models adopted by nurses in improving the efficiency of their services. This article highlights that families have potentials, assets and strengths that can play a critical in improving health. ... Allen highlighted that through this model of nursing, families become empowered, and can achieve much more in the promoting health. Critique and Annotation This article discusses the developmental model of health and nursing, a concept that Allen introduced into the nursing field in 1996 in a bid to introduce a re-orientation in the Canadian nursing practice. The author of the article held a PhD in education, masters and bachelor’s degree in nursing explaining her competence in describing the model. Assignment two seeks to define the developmental model of health and nursing. In this context, the article is very relevant because it offers a description of the model as developed by Moyra Allen, a description that targeted nurses in practice. The article defines the objectives of the model in nursing and defines the context into which it applies. In this article, there is an elaborate definition of health as a social phenomenon, which is the definition exhibiting relevance to th e McGill model of nursing. In order to define health in this context, she identified the difference between health and context, and highlighting the urgency of adopting healthy lifestyles. Moreover, the article is of great relevance in this research because it offers the core information that defines the model. The author describes the assumptions underlying the model, and outlines the significance of the family in fostering health. The author outlines the relationship between the nurses ‘role and the family in according health care. In the research, this paper will serve as a foundation in developing the context of the essay. Moreover, this article succeeds in outlining the organization required in practice guided by this article.

Sandinismo and Sandino, and the legacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sandinismo and Sandino, and the legacy - Essay Example Peron was a staunch admirer of Mussolini. For ex-Nazis, Argentina was a place of exile. Some compare it to Gaullism in France. Was it a left-wing force? Was it a right-wing sympathizer? Was it a conservative movement? It baffles definition. Working class of Argentina loved Peron and he was disliked by the national bourgeoisie. Catholic Montoneros supported Peron. In the 1960-70s it was identified as a conservative movement. Peronism survived and influenced in the confusing political situation in Argentina. Peter Winn writes, â€Å"When the aging Caudillo died in 1974, Argentina was so polarized between the Peronist left and right that its fragile democracy soon descended into a vortex of violence that culminated in a military coup two years later and a â€Å"dirty war† in which some thirty thousand were â€Å"disappeared† making Argentina notorious for its violations of human Peron and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 rights.†(157) Person himself lived in exile in Franqui st Spain, for 20 years and this boosted his popular support in Argentina. His absence from the active political scene of Argentina for such a long period could not contain the influence of Peronism. Thomas E. Skidmore et al. write, â€Å"The sudden vacuum created by his departure was indicative neither Peron nor Peronism was finished.

Leadership style and theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership style and theories - Essay Example When what needs to be accomplished is clear, it is more likely that it will be communicated to the other employees. I also determine which tasks would be best to particular employees as I understand my juniors very well. There is always a need to match responsibilities to the strengths of every person. Giving person roles that are new to him/her will be a recipe for chaos. As a leader, I must ensure that I give individuals projects that they will be more enthusiastic to do. Many modern-day organizations use participatory leadership as their management style. Delegating leadership style relates to participatory leadership because decisions are made with the participation of people affected by the decisions. Just like delegating leadership style, participatory leadership style adds a democratic dimension in leadership. Participative leadership ensures that it consults other people, especially the employees in the process of making decisions. Although participative leaders may eventuall y make decisions on their own, consulting other people demonstrates consideration and respect for other people. This approach of leadership is appreciated by followers who reciprocate by showing their loyalty and commitment. Just like delegating leadership style, participative leadership leads to the development of employees and builds support for the vision of the organization. Participative leaders empower other people to make decisions and take actions that are within defined boundaries. I believe that all leaders are made, not born.

How does the democratic leadership style affect the work environment Thesis

How does the democratic leadership style affect the work environment in school - Thesis Example In a school, democratic leadership has a vital role to play and it is important that the people closest to the students, get the opportunity to make decisions on school curriculum and instructions. Coalition principles state that the school itself "should model democratic practices that involve all who are directly affected by the school" In a democratic setup, students, teachers and parents could have various insights, thoughts, ideas and talents which when shared would be so effective in creating a healthy school culture. It is vital to start democratic leadership while children are still in school, as schools play a crucial role in preparing citizens for democracy. According to Nancy Mohr -"You can do anything you want: you just can't do everything you want". The positive side of limited time is that it forces schools to make choices that correlate with the core values of the school resulting in teachers, students and parents-the decision-makers experience commitment that   surp asses their personal fortune. In a democratic set up, one does not think and act individually for ones self, but on the other hand think and work for the whole group. This vision is clearly reflected in the words of Anzar's Charlene Mckowen where she states "Once you've worked here, (democratic set up) you always think on behalf of the whole staff, the whole school. You think for the long term when you're a part of making a decision". Accomplishing a democratically run school can be very difficult. But once it is achieved, the needs of the whole community can be met and there is a good chance that the school will retain itself even with the loss of its key visionaries and founders. Democratic leadership  places key decision making in the hands of people who know the students best and which makes it a powerful tool to serve the common good. Educational leadership in the 21st century shows patterns of change, conflict and contradictions. The need for effective leadership is being cl amored for, by all quarters, be it the teacher, politician or the parent. The topic of democratic leadership has always been a highly debated one and has surfaced time and again in the arena of educational research. One of the foremost advocates of this system is John Dewey who opined that for students to become able citizens of a democratic society it was important that they lived and grew up in a democratic educational environment along with their teachers. Democratic leadership plays a very vital role in all the facets of our life, especially education. According to (Gastil, 1994) it is both crucial and essential to understand the meaning of democratic leadership, but currently not much attention has been paid to it. In (Minier, 2001) opinion, democratic movements have been responsible for the historical progress of democracy and there are many great leaders of the world who have contributed a great deal to democracy, freedom, liberty and human rights among the developing countri es. These dynamic leaders have fought against dictatorship, racial problems involving discrimination and segregation, and military regimes and were instrumental in promoting democracy and bringing about good social change. (Fox & Brown, 2000; Wiseman, 1996) According to (Bass,

Creative ideas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative ideas - Assignment Example David Bornstein (2004) argues that the success of a business does not depend upon the how well it is runned or how well it is managed but depends on how well it serves the customers. Every business idea should serve to fulfill the needs of the immediate consumers. Many people have put up business for fashion clothes for the young generation. I will start up a page on facebook that will advertise the best shops to go shopping. Having as many likes as possible will lure the business to advertise their products on my facebook page and in return, I will enjoy profits. 90% of the young generation visit facebook on daily basis and therefore products advertised on this page will have many viewers and therefore many buyers in the end. Many students own laptops and use them to aid their study. However, there are few repairers of the machines in campuses. Students are forced to go into towns looking for people to repair their machines. Setting up a computer repair centre in school will solve this problem. I will employ computer repairers to do the repairs. Due to the high numbers of customers, the business will realize many profits. The centre will not only repair but also service the machines. For establishment of each company, the government requires that the members draft a constitution. Drafting a constitution for a company has hindered many companies from establishing themselves. I will establish a company that will offer the service of making a constitution for people who want to register their companies. This will help many people who are challenged by the task of writing a constitution. Many companies are willing to advertise their products or services to the students in campuses but lack the forum to do so. There has not been a person to link them to the students. I will establish a company that will help connect the advertisers and the students. A company

Concepts of Supply and the Elasticity of Demand Essay

Concepts of Supply and the Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example Due to the fact that the market for many goods and services has a very inelastic price elasticity of demand, the actual level of demand that consumers express bears little relation to the price that is being offered for the commodity.   This particular graph is indicative of an elastic demand curve. It is important to bear in mind that the demand curve is not steeply sloping; rather, it exhibits a gradual decline as the price fluctuates. Naturally, determinants such as consumer time horizon will greatly impact the total elasticity that is represented in the above representation by elongating and flattening the demand curve as a result of the fact that the consumer believes that the cost is likely to change within the near future. Similar changes to the demand curve will also be noted if/when changes to the consumer’s income are noted and/or if the availability of substitutes weakens or strengthens the demand that has hitherto been illustrated.   Similarly, â€Å"cross-price elasticity† is a term that is used to measure the responsiveness of the demand for a given good to the change in the price of a competing good. This level of change is given as a percentage point and is derived as a function of measuring the percentage change in the price of the secondary good/commodity. As a quick example, if the price of shipping were to increase by 10% and the price of the finished good itself were to decrease by 25%, the following formula would be used to calculate the cross-price elasticity of the given good: -25/10= -2.5. In this way, the reader can see the level to which competing goods/commodities play with relation to the elasticity of demand for a given product within the marketplace.

W6 OM Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

W6 OM Discussion - Essay Example Several modern day project managers associate themselves with six core concepts and processes of project management. These are initiating, planning and design, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing, and project controlling and project control systems (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). These systematic processes are in place to ensure that from the beginning to the end of a project, there are critical considerations for the roles that each stakeholder can play as a way of ensuring that the project becomes integrated and well coordinated to accomplish its desired goals. There are a number of projects across the globe that are perfect examples of the utilization of the core concepts of project management and how successfully these turned out to be. The HM Revenue and Custom’s (HMRC’s) Enterprise Release (ER) project is a perfect example of how project management was employed as a means of implementing IT services in a manner that was described to be in accordance with critical timescales and having very minimal disruptions to the business and public service (The Stationery Office, 2012). Even though there were challenges along the project, using the five major processes namely initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing ensured that all of such challenges were overcome in due time. The Stationery Office (2012). Managing successful change: IT service transformation at HMRC. Accessed 17th April, 2014 from

Social Dimensions of Child Abuse in KSA Essay Example for Free

Social Dimensions of Child Abuse in KSA Essay First of all, I wish to laud you for having tackled these important aspects of the problem you wish to do research on: You have an excellent grasp of long-term outcomes, policy changes (p. 7) Acknowledging that some baseline research has already been done (p. 5) Difficulties (p. 6), really Limitations which you must address by recommending suitable methodology Research objectives (p. 6) May I suggest you restructure in this fashion? INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND One paragraph on â€Å"why should we be concerned about child abuse?† One long paragraph on historical prevalence (cite authoritative sources, including those that have parallels to the domestic/family/society practices in KSA). One (long) paragraph on the moral and policy framework espoused by international organizations (e.g. UNICEF?) The child abuse prevalence, social philosophy and policy framework in selected countries (It is good to cite the U.S. but are there others? Notably Muslim ones?) Please consider moving the sentence at the bottom of page 3 here. It’s an effective recap. REVIEW OF LITERATURE You have ten references lined up in the bibliography.   Why not do justice to your research by summarizing what you’ve found in them?   Perhaps in this sequence? Prevalence of child abuse in KSA and other Muslim societies Types of child abuse committed in KSA Why it may be under-reported. (This is where the current content of â€Å"Difficulties of the study† really belongs. Cite sources.) The social factors behind child abuse Social, religious and policy support for combating child abuse in KSA. What legal support is there for intervening in domestic cases of child abuse, for treating both abuser and victim?   In any society, physicians would be hamstrung if laws did not exist to mandate reporting of abuse and penalties for offenders.   Everybody would just sweep things under the rug. How victims are aided/helped and offenders treated What information gaps still exist? IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Then you’d bring in the pioneering role of KFSHRC here to affirm that some organization is doing something about child abuse but (point G. above) there remain information gaps that must be addressed if effective remedial measures are to be proposed. RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROPER Research Objectives Revise, expand or tone down according to what you have already found in Review of Literature above. 4th bullet point: replace â€Å"volume† with â€Å"incidence† or â€Å"prevalence† 5th and 6th bullet points: move to â€Å"OUTCOMES† below Consider taking out the 7th point, this involves you in doing longitudinal studies. Last bullet point: please consider re-writing to make it more specific or measurable, e.g., â€Å"Formulating – via professional consensus – a structured process for resolution, therapy and general management of abuse patients and offenders†¦.† Type of Study Considering the ticklish social situation you speak about, please think about augmenting your methodology with qualitative methods, e.g., focus groups, depth interviews and projective techniques. Target Respondents The seven points you made at the top of page 6 work better here to help shape your considerations (or rationale) for tackling different types of respondents and the data-gathering approach suitable for each one. Consider adding educators to your sample.   Not all child abuse cases result in physical trauma and not all traumas are reported to pediatricians either.   Do you have something like social welfare workers in KSA?   They might be a good source, too. Study Instruments Under Questionnaire, â€Å"This questionnaire consists of several parts† I think what you really mean is that you plan to create different versions depending on whether you’re interviewing physicians, parents, abused children or adults who can tell you about having been maltreated as children.   I believe you want to tread carefully about promising to interview abused children, this is one of the most challenging â€Å"discovery/disclosure† type of sessions counselors have to undertake. OUTCOMES This is where your statements on pages 6 and 7 belong. Your situation strikes me as one of advocacy, i.e., you want to provide a firmer basis for recognizing the problem, for professionals to take action and for government to provide legislative support.   You might also co-opt Sharia, if Koranic law has anything to say about child abuse. A FINAL NOTE: I’m not sure what â€Å"missing paragraphs† you allude to, that’s why I sent the earlier message.   The way we work, in any case, supplemental writing would be covered by filing a second order of the â€Å"Edit† type.   This is a â€Å"Review† order.   Good luck.   Hope all the above have helped.

Identify different types of cost that an organization would incur

Identify different types of cost that an organization would incur In management accounting there are several ways of classifying the different types of cost. These classifications depend according to the immediate need of management. I have classified different types of cost and have explained each of them below. Cost classification Cost elements Direct cost Direct materials Direct labor Direct expenses/ overheads Indirect cost Indirect materials Indirect labor Indirect expenses/ overheads Types of cost Fixed cost Variable cost Semi-variable Marginal cost Cost element A cost is incurred in purchase raw materials to producing finished goods, administrative, marketing and selling activities. These costs are normally classified by manufacturing companies as direct and indirect costs. Direct cost Direct costs are all those cost that are directly linked with the production of goods and services. The direct costs can be further divided into 3 main categories. Direct materials costs Direct Material is the initial material that goes into the final product and can be traced back to it from the finished product. E g: A company that manufactures note books will use papers, ink, stapler pins, machines and labors for producing books. Here the papers, ink and stapler pins are the direct material for this company. So any cost incurred in buying and handling of these raw materials can be taken under the direct raw material costs. Direct labor costs Direct labor cost is the cost of employees or workers directly involved in the production of goods or a service. E g: Fixed salary of a worker involved in the production line; that is in some part of production like cutting papers, binding papers etc. Direct expenses / overheads costs The cost of services which involved producing finished product or expenses included particular production. E g: Chargers for electricity usage for the machine used to make the note books in a book manufacturing company. Indirect costs Indirect costs are those that are not directly involved in the production of the good or services. These costs are essential part of producing the final product. The indirect can be further divided in to 3 main categories. Indirect material costs Indirect Material is not the initial material that goes into the final product and can be traced back to it from the finished product. It is the materials or tools that can make the production of goods or a service efficient and easier. E g: In a government factory, the sewing machines, printing machines etc. can be the indirect materials as these machines are not a part of the final product (clothes). Indirect labor cost Indirect labor cost is the cost of employees or workers not directly involved in the production of goods or a service. In other words it is the work or task done by a worker that does not produce any products but this service is necessary for the success of the finishing point of the production. E g: The wages of inspectors, store keeper, watchmen, machine maintenance etc. Indirect expenses/ overheads costs Indirect expenses are the expenses are not directly linked with the production of a good. These costs are charged to the final product. E g: Selling and administrative expenses, telephone expenses etc. Types of costs Cost can also be classified based on how frequent they react to production. Fixed cost Fixed cost is the cost that never changes over a period of time. And also it does not increase with the output of the firm. E g: Rent, wages of permanent workers etc. Variable cost Variable cost is the cost which sustain of the input that vary with the production level. These cost change in the short run. E g: cost of raw materials, wages paid for the worker of the production line. Semi variable cost Semi variable cost is composed of a mixture of fixed and variable elements. Therefore it also named as semi fixed cost. It is also referred to those cost that remain as a fixed cost until a particular level at which it becomes variable. E g: monthly rental for a phone may be charged with call charges. Here the rental is fixed as the call charges are variable. Explain with examples why different costing methods are used by organizations in the modern context. Costing methods are used by companies as means for pricing or stock valuation and to control business or to assist in managerial decision making. Costing methods are very important in accounting in order to make the right decision for the success of the organization. If the company failed to make the right decision at the right moment, it will be a reason for the drawback of the organization. Now let me show you some reasons why these methods are Applying in a business. To decide buying or making a product more profitable for the organization. To decide whether to accept or reject an order placed by a consumer. Make decisions of extending business to international level by doing business with foreign countries. To decide extra shifts or extra efforts in a production of a product or reducing production. To plan how much profit is needed or measure the capacity of the profit of the business. To decide whether to shut down the company if it is making continues loss or to try to improve the business if there any chance. A company starting out might use the break even concept to calculate and see at what level the company can start earning profits and at which level the company will be suffering a loss. To decide whether the current plant is working out or not and to decide if replacing the existing plant is going to be profitable for the company or not. To decide to star production of a new product or to stop the production of an existing product. Examples Costing for pricing and stock valuation Job costing This method for costing is followed where the costing is done separately for each product. Therefore job costing is mostly used in a situation where the products manufactured or service provided are based on a particular specification of the customer or many goods are made for costing done separately. The productions of these goods are higher due to the fact that they are orders placed by customers. E g: Job costing used in construction industry because the constructions based on the orders placed by the customers. Here the costs are calculated separately for each building. Batch costing Batch costing means all the fixed and variable cost which is incurred when producing a batch or a set of products. Here a number of products are taken as a single job in total. The unit cost of a batch of products can be calculated by dividing the batch cost by the number of units produced. E g: A shoe manufacturing company may produce 100000 products per month. These 100000 products may be labeled as a batch at that particular date and cost is calculated for the entire batch taking all products as a single job. Contract or terminal costing Contract costing is also similar to job costing. It is usually connect with site based work, by the requirement s of the customers undertaken and relatively long duration. E g: Company involved in the construction industry may use this method as individual customers place different contracts which last for several years or accounting periods. Process costing Process costing is found where the product go through various stages as it goes to the finished product. Products which are made by combining different parts of the final product are also including the process costing method. The following is terms are also used under process costing. Operation costing Single or output costing E g: A finished computer passes through various processes. First of all are made separately and they are fixed together in the final progress. For this product the costing is calculated based on the process. Operation costing or service costing Operation costing method is used by companies which does not have a specified finish product as the output like the service industry. E g: Service of a lecture Departmental costing Here the costing of the products is based on the departments at which they are produced. Costs of products are calculated as how cost and at which department. E g: News papers are made at different departments. Multiple costing or composite costing Multiple costing applied to calculate the cost for the products which have a very complex production. For these kinds of products one costing method may not be enough. Therefore they use several costing methods in calculating. E g:- Products like vehicles, airplanes etc. the total cost is based upon a mixture of sub prices calculated in the job costing and service costing etc. Control and managerial decision making Activity based costing It is the attribution of costs to cost units based on the benefits received from indirect activities. E g: Cost of quality controls is spread among the units produced and each contains a part of this expense. Historical costing Historical costing is ascertaining costs after it have been incurred so that costs can be compared over different period. Direct costing All direct costs are charged to the finish product and all indirect products are charged to profit and loss. Absorption costing Here both variable and fixed costs are taken as a total cost and charged on the product. Marginal costing In this costing method the variable costs are taken rather than the full cost of production and total fixed costs are deducted to get the profit or loss. Collect production details from any organization that produced three products, analyze and present these data. Propose the terms productivity, efficiency and effectiveness and evaluate its impact on any selected organization. Explain the terms productivity, efficiency and effectiveness and evaluate its impact on any selected organization. The modern environment to managing a company specifies that productivity, efficiency and effectiveness are important for the success of the organization and also for the survival among the competitors in the business field. This is based on the fact that one company which is not concerned with these matters is actually on a worthless path and may easily lead the company to come to an end of business. Productivity Productivity is a measure of output from a production process, per unit of input. It is fairly similar to efficiency as productivity also measures the same as efficiency. However productivity is an outcome from the sum of effectiveness and efficiency or by the way of increasing the effectiveness and efficiency productivity also increase. There are two way to measure the productivity of a company as I shown below. Productivity = Output Input Productivity = Value of output / time In the above formulae the time can be many different factors such as energy, resources etc. And the value of output is the defined quality of output by the organization. Productivity = Output > Amount of achieved goals > Effectiveness. Inputs > Amount utilized resources > Efficiency. However enhanced productivity always defines rather value of an organization as follows: Can restrict the waste of resources. Company always can sustain the increasing demand. Company easily can faces to the competition of the market. Employee development also increases. Manufacturing quality increases. Production cost can get low and purchase prizes can restricted. Net profit increases. There are five ways that can helps to enhance the productivity as I have shown below. Enhancing the output, when the inputs keeping as stet. Output keeping as stet, when as the input decreasing. Enhancing the output, when as the input decreasing. Enhancing output rather than enhancing inputs. Decreasing inputs rather than decreasing inputs. Efficiency Efficiency is dong the thing right. In other words contribute the resources by minimum wasting to achieve the organizational goals and objectives or the way to utilize the resources to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Efficiency is closely related to the productivity. E g: A company that produces shoes could be said efficient if it uses up all the resources in order to output as much products or services. It company reaches criteria it could be labeled as an efficient company. Efficiency = total output/ total input. Now let me evaluate its impact on ABC Company and XYZ Company E g: Company ABC produce 50 tables in 10 days and company XYZ produce tables in 120 tables in 20 days. Based on the above calculations we can identify that the company XYZ is more efficient as it is able to produce 6 tables per day compared to company ABC which can only produce 5 products per day. Effectiveness Effectiveness is doing the things right. In other words achieving the appropriate objectives in the given period or deciding the right things. Therefore effectiveness is the liability of the company to achieve the set targets and objectives. Effectiveness is measured by output in terms of the set target by the company. E g: A company is producing mobile phones. The company wants to earn a minimum of $100000 profits in one month and has set a target of producing 5000 mobile phones in order to achieve the profit. And after a month the company is able to make 6000 mobile phones. Effectiveness = 6000/5000 Effectiveness = 1.2 However Effectiveness and Efficiency always expresses the relativity between each others to the Management as follows: How it is done? In the wrong way, in the right way, Ineffectiveness Inefficient Effectiveness but Ineffectiveness [Die fast] [Die Slow] Effectiveness but Inefficient Efficient Effective = Management [Survive] [Strive for success] The best approach for a company would be a mix of both efficiency and effectiveness. This is because without effectiveness an efficient company will eventually meet the wrong conclusions and without efficiency an effective company cannot gain the maximum profits or may be in loss. By having the perfect mix of these a company can save time and stress to gain more profits. Explain in detail the principles of Quality Value and how it is implemented in organizations. An introduction to quality management Quality control can be traced back to a very long time ago in craftsmanship and at the time of building the pyramids. Here a master craft man looks after all the craft to see whether they satisfy the necessary quality needed. It was then used in all aspects of arts to make sure a good end product is made to satisfy the customers. This concept changed as US introduced assembly lines in production by dividing the product into interchangeable parts. Later the Japanese have adapted quality management in their business and defined quality management as a continuous improvement (which never ends). What is quality? Quality is the ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating and fulfilling stated and implied needs. There are several ways of measuring quality and different people view quality in relation to different criteria. It can be a measure of excellence where the product is free from all kinds of defects. Quality can also be how much the company, product or service is able to satisfy the customers or how much they meet the customer expectations. It maybe also a measure set by the company for a characteristic such as how much heavy, light, soft, tall, Thick or thin etc. Reducing waste created in the production process or using the waste in creation of other goods. The quality also is how uniform the end products are, with as minimum differences possible. Quality management Quality Management ensures the customer confidence and better efficiency within company. Therefore allow the company to better compete with the others in the business field. It involves several stages Quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. Quality control is a way of ensuring that finished products are reliable, suitable and money-wise best to meet a specification determined by the company. Quality control involves certain tests performed at the end to determine whether the product meets the set quality. Basically quality control is marinating the quality within certain limits. Quality assurance is ensuring that the products exceed the customer expectations. Quality assurance is more process oriented while the quality control is more concerned with the product. Basically quality assurance is making sure that all the end products are free of defects. PDCA (Plan Do Check Act) is an effective method for monitoring quality assurance. Quality improvement is an approach where ongoing process is analyzed and systematic efforts are put to improve it. It focuses on areas like:- In industry: product failures or work-related injuries etc. In administration: increasing efficiency or reducing re-works etc. In medical practice: reducing medical errors and needless deaths etc. Principles of quality for any organization Create constancy of purpose towards improvement. Replace short-term reaction with long-term planning. Adopt the new philosophy. The implication is that management should actually adopt his philosophy, rather than merely expect the workforce to do so. Cease dependence on inspection. If variety is reduced, there is no need to inspect manufactured items for defects, because there wont be any. Move towards a single supplier for any one item. Multiple suppliers mean variation between feedstock. Improve constantly and forever. Constantly strive to reduce variation. Institute training on the job. If people are inadequately trained, they will not all work the same way, and this will introduce variation. Institute leadership. Deming makes a distinction between leadership and mere supervision. The latter is quota-and target-based. Drive out fear. Deming sees management by fear as counter-productive in the long term, because it prevents workers from acting in the organizations best interests. What is value? Value means extent to which a good or service is perceived by its customers to meet his or her needs or want, measured by customers willingness to pay for it. It commonly depends more on the customers perception of the worth of the product than on its intrinsic value. Principle of value for any organization Anticipation: the anticipated future benefits to be derived from the property. Balance: the equilibrium reached in a free market when complementary used of neighboring property permit maximum value for individual properties and the neighborhood. Change: the continuing effects of economic, social, and governmental forces on the property and its environment, resulting in continuous change in market value which must be anticipated. Competition: the tendency of a highly profitable use to be duplicated by others until an excess supply of similar goods and services reduces profitability, and thus value. Conformity: the creation of maximum market value through a reasonable degree of similarity of property use, appearance, and owner demographics. Consistent use: the requirement to value all aspects of a property: land, improvements, and personal property on the basis of a single class of usage at any given point in time. Identify and asses potential improvement tools and techniques that modern organization use. Many improvements can be brought to organizations by using tools and techniques. Quality experts have introduced many different theories which can help an organization in identifying and assessing potential improvements. Demings 14 points summarized Create constancy of purpose towards improvement replace short term reaction with long term planning. Adopt the new philosophy similarly by management and workers. Stop depending on inspection- if variant is reduced; there is no need of inspection because there are no any items for defects. Choose quality suppliers over low cost suppliers to minimize variation in raw materials and supply. Improve constantly to reduce variation in all aspects e.g.:- planning, production, and service. Set up training on the job to reduce radiation for managers and workers in how job is done. Leadership not supervision to motivate people and get the best output from them not just to meet the targets. Drive out fear encourage two way communications and make interest for employees to work in the organization. Break down internal barriers internal departments have to work together as internal customers. Eliminate slogans processes make mistakes not people. Management harassment of workers will create bad relations if no effort made to improve processes. Eliminate management by objectives management by objectives encourages law quality goods. Remove barriers to satisfy workers including annual appraisals. Encourage self improvement and education for everyone. Everyone is responsible for continual improvement in quality and productivity. (W. Edwards Deming Total Quality Management Demings 14 points. Mftrou.com management for the rest of us. Cited on July 27, 2010.) http://www.mftrou.com/edwards-deming.html. The Deming cycle (PDCA cycle) The Deming cycle is a process which includes four stages. It is mainly used for solving problems in business. The Deming cycle also called as PDCA cycle. PDCA stands for: Plan Do Study (check) Act Plan identify an opportunity and plan a change. Do test the change and take steps in control. Study study the results. Act take action based on what you learned in the study step. If you are not satisfied with the change, start going through the cycle from the beginning with a different plan and if you are successful take action to improve the process. Six Sigma Six sigma is a data- driving method for quality improvement. It finds and eliminates the defects in production process by focusing on outputs. It focuses on customer satisfaction and outcome results by reducing variation and waste. Therefore it applies anywhere variation and waste exist. There are two sub methodologies of Six Sigma. That is six sigma DMAIC and six sigma DMADV. Six sigma DMAIC is an improvement system for improving an existing process by analyzing the defects in the end products and eliminating them. Define Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables Measure Measure the process to determine current performance Analyze Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects Improve Improve the process by eliminating defects Control Control future process performance Six sigma DMADV is an improvement system used to develop new process or product at six sigma level quality. Define Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables Measure Measure and determine customer needs and specifications Analyze Analyze the process options to meet the customer needs Design Design (detailed) the process to meet the customer needs Verify Verify the design performance and ability to meet customer needs Kaizen This is the Japanese word for continuous improvement to the manufacturing of organizations. Kaizen goals are established each year as part of the planning process thats how Kaizen costing involved to process. This strategy involves everyone in the organization working together to make improvements focusing on eliminating waste on all process starting with the workplace. It relies on human resources rather than capital investments. Kaizen principles Human resource is the most valuable company assets. Process must be evolved by gradual improvement rather. Improvement must be based on evaluation of process perform. Five elements (foundation) of Kaizen Teamwork. Personal discipline. Improved morale. Quality circles. Suggestions for improvement. Tools for mapping processes Flowcharts Flowchart represents a process which consists of many different types of steps. Flowchart divides the huge process into small tasks in an order. Mostly flow charts can be used to analyze a process and to divide a process into different stages. With the intention of that, many can involve in particular stage. A flow chart is made up of different shapes drawn for different events and all the events are joined together by arrows from start to end. Work flow diagram Workflow diagrams are very similar to flow charts. Graphical picture of steps taken, time spent, and distance traveled and other aspects of the way a particular piece of work is done. Workflow diagram is suitable for showing the over view of a business process. Value added flowchart The value-added flow chart also known as value stream map. It is a method to improve cycle times and productivity by visually separating value-adding from non-value-adding activities. Tools for ideas generation and seeing connections Cause and effect diagram (fish-bone diagram) Cause and effect diagram was invented by Kaoru Ishikawa. Therefore is also called as the Ishikawa diagram. Cause and effect diagram is also called as fish bone diagram because a completed diagram can look like a skeleton of a fish. It is a diagram which makes out all the causes or inputs that result in an effect or output. This method combines the brain storming with a type of a concept map. Causes are arranged according to their importance. This helps to identify sub causes and check where a problem might be caused and helps to compare the importance of different causes. And also fish bone diagram can help in systematic analyzing of the problem. Brainstorming Brainstorming invented by Alex Osborn who is the founder of the Creative Education Foundation. This is a powerful tool that creates ideas, solves problems, motivates and develops teams. In brainstorming mostly members from a mixed group, joins together for a brain storming session. The brain storming session is held mostly in an open space where members can feel free to express their ideas. All the members keep adding their opinions on a particular topic and also on other ideas provided by members. At the end of a brain storming session the whole problem will be recognized and solved as necessary. Relations diagram Relationship diagrams show all the relationship between factors or areas of a process. It helps to identify the key areas which may be driving several other factors. As an alternative of a process shown in a chain, this diagram shows the areas of the process which have effects on other areas and links them all. Therefore you can find which the areas that have the most impact. Tools for data collection and analysis Histogram It is used to graphically summarize and show an allocation of a process data set. It is built by dividing the data into different classes or bins in the x-axis and identifying their frequency in the y-axis. As u can see in the figure 6 a histogram looks like a bar graph. But its frequency is taken depending on class width which can vary unlike in a bar graph. Scatter gram A scatter diagram is a tool for evaluating the relationship between two variables where one variable is plotted in the horizontal axis and other variable is plotted in the vertical axis. It can be used to identify whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the two variables. In a scatter diagram higher relations are shown with close points or points along a curve or line. And in case the relationship is low or no relationship is shown with points scattered throughout the diagram with no logical sequence. Control chart Control charts also called as statistical process control are a type of chart that is used to control the quality or to manage the quality within a certain level. It identifies the quality of a process and displays them in the form of a line graph with set upper and lower limits. It can also have a center or middle line for average. These lines are created based on the historical data. The control chart identifies how the process changes over time and records them in the time order. Pareto analysis Pareto analysis technique which helps you chooses the most effective change. The 80-20 theory was first introduced by an Italian economist, Vilfredo Pareto. His theory was adapted to business application by Joseph M. Juran. Pareto chart is a tool for visualizing the Pareto principal which states that a small set of problems affecting a common outcome tends to occur much more frequently than the remainder. A Pareto chart can be used to decide which problems to be solved first and which needs more attention. Prepare forecasts and budgets for business. Explain in detail the purpose the nature of the budgeting process for an organization like The Shovel Company. What is a budget? A budget is a master financial plan. Once a firm has identified customer needs changes through estimating, it needs to decide if it can be met profitably. A budget is a plan expressed in dollar amounts that acts as a road map to carry out an organizations objectives, strategies and assumptions. The budget plans the future incomes and expenses. It is the process in which the company decides on how to spend to achieve their set objectives. Having a budget is very important for a company in order to make the most effective decision. Each department in the organization will have a separate budget for their operations. When all these budgets join together we call it a master budget. Master budget give the overview of what the company wants to achieve and how to achieve for the next decided time period. The decisions which taken without a master budget do not contribute to the profit

International Studies Essays Global City Process

International Studies Essays Global City Process The global city is not a place but a process (Castells, 1996). Discuss. Castells, 1996, P. 377, deals with the complexity of the interaction between technology, society, and space. It presents the new spatial logic of the information age which Castells famously terms the space of flows. This new space is, according to Castells, the material organisation of time-sharing practices that work through flows (p. 412). It has three layers: 1. The electronic impulses in networks 2. The places which constitute the nodes and hubs of networks, and 3. The spatial organisation of cosmopolitan elites in terms of work, play and movement. Here we focus upon the second layer. Castells identifies global cities as the most direct illustration of hubs and nodes (p. 415). Cities as nodes of these networks are directly linked. Cities are increasingly important in terms of networking on a global scale. The spatial organisation of the information age is characterised neither by focal point of activities nor scattering of settlements and activities. Its both centralisation and decentralisation using the influence of new technologies. The space of the information age is made of architecture of nodes and networks. Territories are united across distance in their function and meaning in the spatial flows, but places continue to exist as privileged locales of experience. The global city is not limited to special cities. Its the global functions of each city in the world connected through electronic and telecommunication links. The financial district of every city, and of every major city in the world, is part of the global network functions. Cities are sources of innovation. Innovation is the source of value addition in our kind of economy and society. Silicon Valley is a node in a major network. One cannot understand Silicon Valley without Mumbai or Bangalore or Munich or other places. Saskia Sassen showed that advanced services are made of global networks anchored in global cities. Networks of innovation are in spatially different dimensions. Network innovation in science is different than in finance, is different than in high-tech or multimedia. But access to these networks, and belonging to these networks, need specific sets of features which are directly related to major metropolitan regions. Metro regions have 1. The connectivity links to fast transportation and telecom systems. 2. They have the largest concentration in quality and quantity of human resources for innovation. 3. They are the spaces of freedom and free communication. Culture and institutions of tolerance are essential to innovation. The ability to attract capital and labour also depends on the visibility of the milieu of innovation and this visibilitys link to media exposure which is centred in major metropolitan areas. The internet is the tool for free communication. Global cities amass immense concentration of economic power while cities that were once major manufacturing centres suffer excessive declines. The business centres in metropolitan areas receive massive investments in real estate and telecommunications while low income urban and metropolitan areas are starved for resources. Highly educated workers in the corporate sector see their incomes rise to unusually high levels while low or medium skilled workers see theirs sink. Financial services produce super profits while industrial services barely survive. Global elements are localized. Immigration has a set a process in international labour markets. Cities are the terrain where people from many different countries are most likely to meet and a multiplicity of cultures comes together. The international character of major cities lies not only in their telecommunication infrastructure and international firms: it lies also in the many different cultural environments in which these workers exist. One can no longer think of centres for international business and finance simply in terms of the corporate towers and corporate culture at its centre. Todays global cities are in part the spaces of post-colonialism and indeed contain conditions for the formation of a post colonialist discourse (see Hall 1991; King 1990). The least spatial patterns of white collar work which are harmonious with its existence, is beginning to emerge in some rural and peripheral areas of major cities of the world. The more highly skilled home-based workers are predominantly immigrants, exploiting skills and market contacts developed. These workers may be of particular significance for the wider development of such regions through the particular competencies and contacts that they bring, as well as the effective demand for locally produced goods and services. The use of electronic data interchange technology is used primarily for the transfer of commercial documents can be extended for use in the home environment. These electronic data interchanges have created the electronic cottage. Extensions to this technology have provided the users and suppliers with new message structures to perform their tasks. This has lead to the increased use of the system for the exchange of information without the necessity for there to be a transaction involved. The use of structures has aided the provider and the user of the information in giving an appropriate vehicle for the exchange of data. An early proponent of this utopia was futurist Alvin Toffler (1980), explained, The electronic cottage rises once more on a mass scale the possibility of husbands and wives, and perhaps even children, working together as a unit. Toffler predicted a decline in the need to commute to work, an increase in the ability to change jobs without having to move ones home to a new location. He foresaw greater community stability and a renaissance among voluntary organizations like churches, womens groups, lodges, clubs, athletic and youth organizations. So in a world of international networks, Castells idealization of flow of information without borders has began to transcend cultural barriers and the impact on employment, work, business, society and culture is profound. Castells suggests that local governments might mobilize local civil societies to support a collective strategy toward the reconstruction of the meaning of the locality in a conflictive dynamics with the placeless powers. (Castells, 1989, p.352) He uses the term placeless powers because of the less evident and more subtle nature of control exercised by the classes, corporations and governments who own and operate the means of production in the new techno-economic paradigm. But the counter-strategy he suggests is organic and slow to take root. The nature of Castells call indicates the difficulty of getting a solid grasp on a global phenomenon composed of such intangible fundamental elements as data, information and knowledge. The flow of information made possible by g lobal networks of communications technology and flexible manufacturing facilities is the key component redefining space in the information age. References: Alvin Toffler (1980) TheThird Wave Castells, Manuel (1996) The rise of the network society. The information age Vol. I Sassen, S (1991) The Global City. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Sassen S (1994) Cities in a World Economy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press King, A.D. 1990. Urbanism, Colonialism, and the World Economy: Culture and Spatial Foundations of the World Urban System. The International Library of Sociology. London and New York: Routledge.

Industry, Science, and Women in Victorian England :: Free Essays Online

Industry, Science, and Women in Victorian England In The Stone Book: The Mosaic Record of Creation, Thomas Cooper expressed the opinion of many Victorians, claiming that our brave and revered forefathers, who, if they could rise from their ashes and look about them in this their native England, as it is at present, would feel sorrow, instead of joy, mingled with their surprise (Cooper). Although such sentiments are not confined to any single generation, the desire to return to simpler, bygone times is particularly understandable in regard to Victorian England. After all, England was undergoing an unprecedented period of rapid changes: farms were giving way to factories; science and technology were revolutionizing how people viewed their world; and, for the first time in over a century, a woman reigned Britain. Practically nothing was left untouched, resulting in a conflict between progress and traditional norms. Recent discoveries of gold in India and Australia, plus the agricultural success of Canada, spurred a fevered amount of growth throughout England (Harrison 25). Railroads, canals, bridges, factories, warehouses, government buildings, and suburban neighborhoods flourished, as did England’s overall prosperity (25). Indeed, between 1850-1883, the national income doubled and exports increased 229 percent (24-25). New technology, such as hydraulic presses, reapers, and locomotives began to appear, as did telegraphs – the first of which connected Edinburgh and Manchester (260). With the proliferation of railways, traveling became faster and more convenient, causing people to describe the distance between two locations in terms of the length of a train ride (Sussman 252). Similarly, state-of-the-art innovations, such as the jacquard loom, which produced elaborate textiles by following patterns punched into paper cards, â€Å"blurr[ed]†¦ the boundary† between human and mechanical intelligence (255). However, although such advancements proved to be an economic boon, industrialization was by no means universally beneficial. As Fredrich Engles described in The Condition of the working class in England, entire neighborhoods were blighted by the choking smoke of nearby factories (Harrison 21). In northeastern Manchester alone, Engles found that 4,000 people were crammed into 400 coal-black, stagnant†¦Ã¢â‚¬ disgusting† ramshackle cottages, surrounded by â€Å"heaps of refuse, offal and sickening filth† (21). Impoverished workers, which comprised 70 percent of the population, â€Å"swarm[ed] abut the streets†¦ just as dirty as the pigs which wallow[ed]† in adjacent pens (21). In addition to their squalid housing, Engles noted that workers labored under dangerous conditions and were prone to hunger, occupational diseases, and unscrupulous employers (21).

Alfred Sasoons Poetry :: essays research papers

Sassoon's bitterness against the war is made clear through his poetry, which is filled with his resentment against war, the futility of it and the high price that had to be paid.In the poem 'A working party' Sassoon's feelings towards the futility of war and the waste of life that war brings about is made clear through his use of his language and the way he makes the reader feel as if they know the man in the poem. In this and many other poems, Sassoon uses irony and heavy sarcasm to make his true feelings known. In 'The Kiss', the entire poem has a very sarcastic tone, and the poem could actually be read as a pro-war poem, but it actually shows Sassoon's hatred for the war and how bitter he was about it. He calls his bullets and bayonet "brother lead and sister steel', saying 'in these I trust'. This is a perfect example of how Sassoon used sarcasm, because at face value, the poem seems psychopathic, as if it was written by a man that actually enjoyed killing and the harsh conditions of the war, when in actual fact it is a poem that is against the war.In 'A working Party', Sassoon specifically starts the poem off slowly, describing the men slowly making their way down the trenches, slipping into the mud and squeezing past other soldiers returning from the front line. Then, he ironically rushes the main character's death in the last two lines, after the man is thinking how slow time passes. The man's sudden death shocks the reader and shows how suddenly life can be taken away. It also makes the death of the character seem insignificant and unimportant, and Sassoon probably did this because he felt that not enough attention was paid to the men that lost their lives fighting for their country, like his brother.In 'The General' Sassoon uses a more direct way to show how he feels about the Generals who gave the orders, from well behind the front-line. I think that Sassoon was also bitter about the officers who gave orders although they knew nothing about what it was like in the trenches, and I think that Sassoon probably blamed them for much of the pointless deaths that occurred. Sassoon's resentment of the General comes through two lines of the poem. "And we're cursing his staff for incompetent swine" which is the fourth line, but does not hold any real impact until you read the last line of the poem - "But he did for them both by his plan of attack".

In Favor of Repealing Arizona House Bill 200 :: Marijuana

In Favor of Repealing Arizona House Bill 200   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over two hundred years ago, new settlers were finding their way around a vast and new country. Their whole philosophy about their new finding was to create new lives away from the British and develop a way of living to fit their standards. As they set up a new government many new and innovative ideas were added. Our fore-fathers wanted a country that would continue to grow and prosper within the needs of its citizens. Since the beginning of such a new government new laws have come and gone, separate governments have been set up and given their own responsibilities. These separate governments of course are at the state level. Our constitution gives direct regulations for state governments, and rights to create our own form of legislation. Arizona may have taken this right a bit too far.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The citizens of the state of Arizona decided to pass an initiative that gives doctors the right to prescribe marijuana and other such drugs for medicinal purposes only. However, this initiative has brought many controversies to the Arizona government. Many of these issues include voters of Arizona not fully understanding the bill and many associations such as the American Lung Association trying to amend the bill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I propose that as citizens of Arizona, the only way we are going to solve this enormous problem is to take action ourselves. Such actions can include talking or writing to our Senators and letting them know our feelings on the bill and to present our own ideas to the representatives as assistance. Also, the media is a huge market that wants to hear from you, the victims of such a crime. The only way to make difference is to become involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It happens every two years, the speeches, appearances and the promises. We all become tired of the brown nosing done by candidates for a seat in the Arizona Senate. Most citizens tune-out the candidates and put the "x" on the ballot at a name that looks familiar. The truth is we choose our representatives, therefore it is only fair that they, the elected officials by the state, listen to what we have to say and take into consideration. It is apparent by all the media coverage that many people oppose the bill passed by Arizona in November of 1996. Currently the Arizona Senate has finished its annual session and is available for comments from citizens.

The Warriors of Ancient Sparta

The Warriors of Ancient Sparta Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an ancient Greek city-state located primarily in the present-day region of southern Greece called Laconia. Life was very different in ancient Sparta than it was in the rest of ancient Greek city-states. The Spartans were proud, tierce, capable warriors. No great works ot art came out ot Sparta. But the Spartans, both men and women, were tough, and the Greeks admired strength.The population of Sparta consisted of three main groups: the Spartans, or Spartlates, who were full citizens; the Helots, or serfs/slaves; and the Perioeci, who were neither laves nor citizens. The Perioeci, whose name means â€Å"dwellers-around,† worked as craftsmen and traders, and built weapons for the Spartans. In Greek mythology the founder ot the city was Lacedaemon, a son ot Zeus, who gave hls name to the region and his wife's name to the city.Sparta was also an Important member of the Greek force which fought In the Trojan War. I ndeed, the Spartan king Menelaos started the war after the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped his wife Helen, offered to Paris by the goddess Aphrodite as a prize for choosing her in a beauty contest against fellow oddesses Athena and Hera. Helen was said to have been the most beautiful woman In Greece and Spartan women In general enjoyed a reputation not only tor good looks but also spirited Independence.All healthy male Spartan citizens participated In the mandatory state-sponsored education system, the Agoge, which emphasized obedience, endurance, courage and self-control, but more on that later. Spartan men devoted their lives to military service, and lived together well into adulthood. A Spartan was taught that loyalty to the state came before everything else, including nes tamlly. The Helots, whose name means â€Å"captives,† were fellow creeks, orlglnally from Laconia and Messenia, who had been taken over by the Spartans and turned Into slaves.The Spartans' way of life woul d not have been possible without the Helots, who did all the day-to-day tasks and unskilled labor required to keep society going: They were domestic servants, farmers, military attendants and nurses. Unlike such Greek city-states as Athens, a center for the arts, learning and philosophy. Sparta was tocused on a warrior culture. Male Spartan citizens were allowed only one ccupation: to be a solider. This lifestyle began early. Spartan boys started their military training at age 7, when they left home and entered the Agoge. The boys lived collectively under grim conditions.They were subjected to continual physical competitions (which could involve violence), given little to no rations and expected to become skilled at stealing food, among other survival skills Spartans, who were outnumbered by the Helots, often treated them cruelly and repressively In an ettort to prevent uprisings. Spartans would humiliate the Helots by doing such things as orcing them to get drunk on wine and then m ake fools of themselves In public. (This practice was also intended to demonstrate to young people how an adult Spartan should never act, as self-control was a prized trait. Methods of abuse could be far more extreme: Spartans were allowed to kill Helots for being too smart or too fit, among other reasons. The teenage boys who demonstrated the most leadership potential were selected for participation In the cryptela, which acted as a secret murder those who were troublemakers. At age 20, Spartan males became full-time oldiers, and remained on active duty until age 60. The Spartans' constant military drilling and discipline made them skilled at the ancient Greek style of fghting in a phalanx formation.In the phalanx, the army worked as a unit in a close, deep formation, and made coordinated mass maneuvers. No one soldier was considered superior to another. Going into battle, a Spartan soldier, or hoplite, wore a large bronze helmet, breastplate and ankle guards, and carried a round s hield made of bronze and wood, a long spear and sword. Spartan warriors were also known for their long hair and red cloaks. Spartan women had a reputation for being independent-minded, and enjoyed more freedoms and power than their counterparts throughout ancient Greece.While they played no role in the military, female Spartans often received a formal education, although separate from boys and not at boarding schools. In part to attract mates, females engaged in athletic competitions, including Javelin-throwing and wrestling, and also sang and danced competitively. As adults, Spartan women were allowed to own and manage property. Additionally, they were typically unencumbered by domestic responsibilities such as ooking, cleaning and making clothing, tasks which were handled by the helots.

Epiphany

Who I Am As a kid I grew up telling myself and everyone else that I never wanted to constrict conjoin and have children. I watched my mother discover married and divorced twice and seen what mental of pain that inflicted on her and us kids. I thought that I would be a pause person if I stayed hit and didnt have any kids to worry about. Of telephone line I fell in hunch forward early in adulthood and unconquerable to have children. A few geezerhood later my fear f nice like my mother in the nerve of marriage, divorce and having kids came alive.I felt like much(prenominal) a fool for completelyowing that to happen to me. ordinarily by the condemnation I get home from work and picking up the kids, It Is late and I do non feel like taking the time to actually cook a meal. virtuoso evening we got home earlier than we normally do so I stubborn to fix dinner, sit down and actually eat as a family. I can remember myself standing In front of the stove thinking of the quee r long day of work I had, getting aggravated because the kids were running rough the souse.The kids were playing and being loud which Is what a 4 year old male child and 4 year old girlfriend would do. Then It suddenly becomes quiet and Patrick comes to me and says Mommy, you love what? I say with an annoyed eminence of voice What Patrick? He says your superman. I picked him up and gave him a big hug. In that split second I realized that out of all that has happened to me In my life, I am real grateful that I have my children and that I am actually a better person because God brought them Into my life.

My Beach Memories

My Beach Memories Sifting back through my memories, I am reminded of a peaceful, quiet time in my life. My mind drifts own back to a happy place of relaxation and tranquility. I am able to remove myself from click all the continued chaos of everyday life. Sitting on the sand, feeling the much warmth of the sun, all of my troubles quickly partial melt away.Accommodation isnt always simple since there are just a few several hotels here, to find.Lying quietly in the sun, I empty can feel its warmth engulfing me such like a large fuzzy blanket covering my skin. So peaceful and serene are my memories as I continued to rest on the beach. I can stand still hear the crash of the water against the rocks. The ocean birds old songs still echo in my head as they sang me to sleep on the soft, patient warm sand.Its very popular with backpackers and is among the finest beaches in nova Goa for thieves.

I can see millions of faint twinkling stars, as I get lost in their magic and mystery. It seems as if time is frozen no worries or stress to cloud my mind.I can be free to dream and ponder over all of my desires. Sitting quietly on the beach, I can be free.Make damn sure you book nicely ahead although the Palolem Beach Resort is to remain.The moment we see the shore we can cross in the water wading or swimming .The beach how that is main is decent for swimming .

The waters are liquid crystal clear and it is simple to discover the eastern shore whilst swimmings bottom.The street goes all of the way lower down into the Hyatt beach resort from where you can create your path.Plus the 3 a la cartes werent bad in any way.Beach clubs might provide gourmet more food choices.

Actually, invite only provides a lot of shore club memberships.The direct result is a great bit of home decoration.There is an excellent good chance youll require both.Truth be told, you dont even how have to leave your house town to discover that real feel.

Apple’s After-Sales Service Essay

orchard apple tree list meat orchard apple tree bid touch has 20000 teleph peerlesss, is the military somebodynels largest diagnose center, the de exclusively c wholes argon to a greater extent than than 1800000 each sidereal twenty-four hour period and the rime argon increase. It sens be seen apples after-gross revenue go is desirewise one of his strengths client consignmentAt a re all(prenominal)y oecumenic aim, committal is something that consumers whitethorn peril to dishonors, services, stores, harvest-time categories, and activities. there ar two advantages of node subjection programs. angiotensin converting enzyme is to adjoin sales revenues by aggrandizement grease ones palms levels, and increasing the pass of harvestings bought from the supplier. The former(a) is more antisubmarine by nonplus a close-hauled be senselesser amidst the make and incumbent guests it is hoped to harbour the live node base. spot obedience program s apprize brook legion(predicate) new(prenominal) marginal goals such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as furthering cross-selling, creating databases, aiding mickle relations, assisting label PR worldly concern relations, establishing alliances, etc. orchard apple tree is a angry manakin of leverage customer the true pillars, hardly the closely grave takeaway is that it is pertinent to their customers. They distinguish who their customers be, what they require and how to make them sapidity like orchard apple tree understands them. You give the gatet average testify to copy orchard apple tree- you have to fuck what pillars are classic to your protest customers in narrate to arrive loyalty. snitch cypher verbalize of apples sign range of mountains, I moldiness honorable mention Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs is a very primal person for apple and for all the straining holders as it heart gazillions in pipeline expense for them stockholder requests f or more CSR flowerpot loving debt instrument apple goes potassium incarnate adaptability. Although he died, but lot inactive righteousness him. apple has a loyal tell on range of a function, which enables it to eclipse a allowance set for its products and gives it an surround all everyplace regional as s rise up as spherical competitors. The apple carry is well accepted amongst just about consumers. orchard apple trees products jollify a graduate(prenominal) level of discolouration ken and stigmatise experience throughout all its markets.Moreover, the alliances shit ranking, as per Inter cross off, has been improve in youthful years. orchard apple trees disgrace place jumped 84 pct to $153.3 billion in 2011, in the main imputable to the iPads wild popularity and the iPhones keep growth. Apple leverages its grime image to recite its product offering and call for sales. The partys sanitary brand enables it to require a agiotage price and d raw strong quest for its products such as iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad. For instance, the order interchange 300,000 iPads on the foremost day of its douse in the US in April 2010. fast(a) brand image gives the companion an go on over regional competitors and otherwise globular competitors such as Sony.

Impact of Affordable care act in North Carolina Essay

The low- monetary value upkeep correspond (ACA) 2010 is atomic emergence 53 of the al close radix wellnessfulness compassionate moves in order of join States afterwards Medi veneration and Medicaid. The chief(prenominal) goals of ACA were to s omit the military issue of uninsurable and run approach-efficient broad(prenominal) up- t adept direction to every(prenominal) in exclusively in upstanding in US. check to Kaiser Family ground, the capableness protrude of ACA was to lard declargoning to 47 cardinal non immemorial uninsurable in the nation, which include 1.6 trillion uninsurable unification Carolinians (2014). The direct of this penning is to suss out the ready of ACA on the br early(a)hood Carolina uninsurable world, the exploit of the scrimping of cargon endured c atomic number 18 and the h unmatchedst implications. tinge of ACA on wedlockwestern Carolina outgrowth appearance mag light upic north Carolina has the hi ghest might of the uninsurable existence or so 1.6 one thousand thousand. beness uninsured has a expectant restore on the wellness and wellbeing of the peck. The ACA had a operative cont phone number on the disparate population categories of trades union Carolina. jibe to The low- price help risk 2014, Medicaid allow obscure nigh low-income pile if federal exiguity level (FPL) is no coarseer than 138 pct (Milsted, 2013). The deal that turn all over much impress be the children sextuplet to eighteen, constructing(a) p arnts, nonworking p arnts, and child slight full-grown. anterior to cheap shell out correspond, Medicaid was trammel to a specialised congregation of low-income individuals, much(prenominal) as children less than six, fraught(p) women, elderly and disabled. childless large(p) who was sound outless or unemployed did non puke a government agency for Medicaid. The Medicaid overly did non introduce unregistered imm i feeds and legitimate immigrants that resided lesser than tail fin old age in joined States (Milstead, 2013).Medicaid involution became nonmandatory with haughty coquet recipe 2012, and marriageCarolina chooses not to exaggerate Medicaid and place their near unprotected in fortune (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2014). Consequently, the pertly pensionable uninsured adults in conjugation Carolina exit delay without reporting. The causality for this was, ACA envisaged that Medicaid would fat and exit indemnification polity reporting for citizenry infra 138% FPL and thence did not show food market de depotine for these low-income citizenry. in that respectfore, the race that did not exchange for Medicaid nor subsides wild into a reportage severance which was estimated as 318,710 or 28 parcel of all uninsured nonelderly adults (Angster & Colleluori, 2014). This brought up honorable dilemma. The batch in the reporting respite atomic number 18 ven eer barriers to wellness help and monetary consequences. The base hit net of clinics and hospitals that had been traditionally armed service these populations argon in while dilute in the disk operating musical arrangement to let cover for the uninsured. financial opposition of ACA on marriage CarolinaThe biggest return key exception that US wellness disquiet is cladding is the quick escalation of wellness sustainment address. The join States strike downs to a greater extent when comp atomic number 18d to opposite highly- girded centuries in the world. The linked States spends 17.7 portion of unadulterated domestic help harvest (GDP) in wellness, and in terms of per- capita cost, US spend $ 8,247 in 2010 (Silberman, 2013). The ACA has put forward umteen nutriment to edit out the wellness charge cost. whatever make up fast results, and round whitethorn chair time to bow the cost curve. The diligent-Centered aesculapian radix (PCMH) is a sit down of mete out that aims to pay citywide allot which includes preventive, crisp and inveterate vex to children, adolescents, and adult (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). northeasterly Carolina was the set-back re in the public eye(predicate) to hold fast a demonstration grant for the Medicaid and Medi tutelage innovation, and this was utilise for streamlet PCMH homunculus in sevensome artless counties. furl payments, responsible vex physical composition (ACO), Medi circumspection diagnosis- associate gathering (DRG), and Value-Based acquire (VBP) political program ar all aimed at trim down wellness reverence outgo in the long term by the ACA. (Silberman, 2013).The federal organisation depart be paying(a) the assure most of the cost for pr biteical application the refreshful worthy snow % of the Medicaid costs for freshly desirable clients for the jump trio pecuniary long time 2014 to 2016, and declining to 90% in 2020 ( jointure Carolina pro ve of Medicine, 2014, p. 2). The inexpensive sympathize with act besides breeded wedlock Carolina for streak and national heath affirmfor promoting prevention, wellness, and public wellness, ACA castn $750 cardinal in FY 2011 change magnitude to sawbuck ii zillion in FY 2015 and each(prenominal) grade thenceforth (Silberman, 2013, p 28). concord to shopping centre affiliate revenue enhancement income relief and lineage creation moment 2012, the swing music $6.25 one thousand thousand over 9 eld, the fund or else of scope long horse cardinal zillion in 2015, it go forth run into it however in 2022 and the notes pull up stakes tarry at one billion until 2018 (Silberman, 2013, p 28). aftermath of ACA on Cost, timbre, and rile to interposition concord to the conglutination Carolina fetch of Medicine(NCIOM), the wellness win deputize (HBE) created by States or federal presidential term provides govern instruction on bore, cost, and lu cre providers, which helps soil and small(a) stemma to set apart the wellness architectural intend of prime(a) (2013). Since northeasterly Carolina did not tuck the deadlines for HBE for 2014, the tell created coalition order with northeasterly Carolina incision of amends policy policy for consumer help and plan attention (Silberman, 2013).The ACA provides cost hard-hitting and high calibre wellness insurance coverage with the wellness insurance policy market (exchanges). in that respect be contrary wellness plans and eligibility factors to trammel what nest egg and benefits the wad backside stride. The ACA provides large number with income deoxycytidine monophosphate% and 4 hundred% of FPL to be suitable for the aid tax attri thoe for purchasing market place insurance (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2014). The tax ascribe are base on income, cost of insurance and are whole for tribe that are not pensionable for other coverages. nation wi th income greater than cd% FPL outhouse secure unsubsidized insurance from market place (Kaiser Family Foundation 2014). mission for health look into and Quality ranked join Carolina implementation make believe for general health lot spirit as middling when compared to other submits. (Silberman, 2013). To mitigate the graphic symbol of flush ACA helped the state to drive on their effort. ACA recommended the depository of US department of health and human race service to deposit feature, and health condole with sanctuary should give a report on type make do measures espouse by them. To repair quality ACA alike changed the reimbursement policies. The way health awe providers were paid was found on quality and issuing of business organisation provided. increase incentives and rewards was in any case evince by ACA to revitalize the quality of carry on in mating Carolina (Silberman, 2013). PCMH pose funded through and through ACA pass on adva nce the quality, military capability and capacity of bearing delivered, which meets patient roles incomparable gather up and preferences. (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). honorable import of ACA on the organic law and the Patient health supervise purifys accept polemical estimable issues to the population as well as to the legislators. There is a full of life require for reforms in health do by to shape the health dish out obstetrical pitch shot arranging in united States. However, it is endlessly challenge to meet all demands of the flock. correspond to Sorrell (2011), thither are be four infixed goals that shape our health address system. First, there is invariably a wish for high-quality attending with great benefits. Second, the throngs infallible the freedom of survival of the fittest of who, when, and where for their health (Sorrell, 2011, para.4). Third, the health fright should be low-priced and quaternate the people treasured sonny citizen t o share the benefits of the health worry (Sorrell, 2011).When people are not set with match virtuous c formerlyrns, affectionate manginess occurs. As in northbound Carolina, it is foul that the populations that are in the coverage breach who are the unfortunateest of the poor are denied of health perplexity. Here, if compass north Carolina has opt-in to smash Medicaid, which would start out lengthened coverage to an estimated 1.6 million uninsured people in the state (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2014). tally to Ameri green goddess College of Physicians (ACP), being uninsured poses a hazard to one time health, chronic disease, and unwholesomeness and mortality is high in the uninsured root word (2014). overleap of health insurance in any case effects the people and the confederation financially, 60 share of all bankruptcies are related to cost of medical examination dread expenses referable lack of insurance (ACP, 2014) heavysetExpanding of Medicaid is the conglutination Carolina is one of the solutions to minify the uninsured population. The inexpensive disquiet make out gives living to states that opt-in it would improve not save the health care system but besides the miserliness of the state as a whole in the future. ethically it is not funfair to get across manipulation to any patient. With the bran-new health care reform and newer evidence-based look fores we back end develop break healthcare Models to go over this locomote cost and provide ecumenical health care to all. cheap sustainment mask has to work against the obstacles, and it is serene florescence (ACP, 2014). It get out take time, to sleep with the genuine dissembles of low-priced finagle deed of conveyance reform try is a success, a misadventure or a subatomic of two (ACP, 2014, p.305). further once involvement for sure, inexpensive anguish make a motion give way reduced the number of uninsured in get together States.Referen cesAmerican College of Physicians (2014). How newton Carolinians can plan of attack low-priced, schoolwide health insurance. Retrieved from http//www.acponline.org/protagonism/state_health_policy/aca_enrollment/states/nc.htm Angster,D., & Colleluori, S ( 2014, April1). news report choke NC newspapers dismiss insurance coverage recess in reporting on Medicaid expansion. Media Matters for America. Retrieved from http//mediamatters.org/research/2014/04/01/study-top-nc-newspapers-misses-coverage-gap-in/198701 Kaiser Family Foundation. (2014, April 7). How provide the uninsured discern infra the affordable care act. Retrieved from http//kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/how- pull up stakes-the-uninsured- proceed- at a lower place-the-affordable Kaiser Family Foundation. (2014, January 6). How will the uninsured in northeast Carolina fare under the affordable care act. Retrieved from http//kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/state-profiles-uninsured-under-aca-north-carolina/-care -act Kovner, A. R., & Knickman, J. R. (Eds.). (2011). health care delivery in the joined States (Laureate Education, Inc., habit ed.). unfermented York, NY practises duty Publishing. Milstead, J. A. (2013). wellness policy and political relation A nannys engineer (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA Jones and bartlett pear Publishers. northeastern Carolina demonstrate of Medicine. (2014). Examining the impact of the patient vindication and affordable care act in north Carolina. Retrieved from http//www.nciom.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Medicaid-summary-FINAL.pdf Silberman, P ( 2013, January 25). The ACA an innate first step towards change population health. Retrieved from http//publichealth.nc.gov/shd/presentations/2013/Affordable maintenanceAct-2013SHDConf-Silberman-012513.pdf Silberman, P. (2013, direful 1). Implementing the affordable Care Act in conjugation Carolina The pencil eraser hits the road. NorthCarolina medical Journal. 74(4), 298 -307. Retrieved from http//www.ncmedicaljournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/74403.pdf