Confermation Bias Within The Gun Control Debate - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1348 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? The physiological definition of confirmation bias by the American Psychological Association (APA) is the ability or act of ignoring, finding, manipulating, or modifying evidence and data to support your beliefs, ideas, or ideology. Dr. Raymond Richardson, a professor at Tufts University located in Medford Massachusetts, summarized in 1998 confirmation bias [as] the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, expectations, or a hypothesis in hand (175). Confirmation bias due to the fact that is can be for good or for evil is dangerous. The impact can be minor or of extreme proportions. With confirmation bias the entire idea is a person could be doing so, with or without intent to do so. The only way to not have confirmation bias is to take the data, facts and sources. Then try to break them down to the weakest points or if the data is against the interest of the source dispersing it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Confermation Bias Within The Gun Control Debate" essay for you Create order Confirmation bias is ever present in the conversations and laws involving the debate of Gun Control on all sides of the debate. The Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence (EFSGV) and its sister organization the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence (CSGV), a left-wing anti-gun tax exempt lobbyist group founded in 1974 and headquarter in Washington, DC only seeks and interprets evidence that support the ideology guns themselves are the cause of gun violence. On the other side, the National Rifle Association (NRA) a pro-gun lobbyist group founded on November 16, 1871 in New York, NY and relocated to Fairfax, VA in 1993 refuse to blame anything other than culture and education for the overall violence problem. Both sides of the argument on guns are flawed and show confirmation bias in the evidence they present to support their argument. Anti-gun In February 2018 EFSGV published a report using the Center of Disease Control (CDC) statistic on factors of deaths in the United States (US) to support their opinion that gun control laws like in the Common Wealth of Massachusetts actually works. However, the EFSGV had filtered the information provided by the CDC not separate homicide and murders, from suicides. Plus, even on the site the CDC states that the numbers provided are suppressed values (2018). This means that the data is already not an accurate representation of what is truly happening. After contacting the CDC Public Affairs Officer (PAO) and asking what suppressed values on their website means. They provided a clarification statement of the values being suppressed or labeled as suppressed due to states, towns, or cities not being required to add the question of have you or a member of the household to the yearly census. Plus, as the CDC also stated in the response the data is hard for them to determine who in the family is reporting the death or injury. This is caused by the fact a person who is dead cannot fill out the US census questionnaire. With the additional problem of the volatility of the answers provided in response to the questionnaire is not verified. Even more so the categories overlap or are differently defined by individuals answering the census questions. With this in mind about the accuracy and volatility of the data provided to the CDC in the census questionnaire that also changes year to year it is easy to manipulate at all levels. As of November 20, 2018, the data on the CDC website was relabeled and no longer placed into charts. Unable to get a reason from the CDC Public Affairs Officer for the change in formatting and removal of the breakdowns in percentages. The new setup of the CDC data states it is census data in clear text, in multiple locations and does not attempt to break the data down for you. Leaving you to make the determination of the meaning of the data. The EFSGV confirmation bias to support the gun control agenda lead them to manipulated the data to show what they wanted or need to see, to confirm the beliefs, ideas, and ideology of gun control. They provided false validity to the data by not stating it was data from a census questionnaire. Leaving the reader to believe it had more validity than what it truly does. Using the same data set provided by the CDC prior to the November 20, 2018 update just by removing all the filters on types of Intent of Death and Mechanism of Death the data chart of percentages showed an entirely different picture from what EFSGV was trying to make in the publication. Firearm related deaths in Massachusetts fell down from 65.0% to only 7.2% of deaths. Leaving the highest cause of deaths in Massachusetts being drug poisoning at 32.2% and falls causing 15.9% of deaths. Just by removing the filters on the data provided by the CDC you are two times more likely to die as a result of a motor vehicle than by a firearm. With the post November 20, 2018 update of the CDC website the data in Table 1.1 and 1.2 shows Massachusetts being in the group of safest states with New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. However, once you filter it to just homicides involving a firearm in table 2.1 and 2.2 you see that Massachusetts has some counties that falls higher than the majority of the country. Even though they still are within the extreme low rate per 100,000 population leaves little to work with to improve in Massachusetts. It also gives EFSGV little to argue about gun violence. The only difference between tables 1 and tables 2 is the fact table 1 shows homicides, suicides, and legal interventions. With table 2 only showing homicides. The only conclusion from the data is that Massachusetts has suicides and legal interventions resulting in deaths as a result of firearm related injuries. With some filtering and over validation of the data provided it is possible to confirm any belief, expectations, and hypothesis at hand. Being caused by the fact the CDC uses very wide net categories that are not well defined and have no legal definition being left to the person who is answering the question on the census to interpret. The EFSGV took advantage of the census data provided and shaped it to their cause. EFSGV statements of the need for gun control to stop gun-violence is shown to be invalid with their source the CDC. Facts about the data they are using are ignored and not reported in the publication, misleading the reader to believe the data has more validity than it does. Pro-gun With the National Rifle Association (NRA) you have a YouTube publication by Colion Noir a NRATV host who in a story of Chicago starts with news reports and videos of crime and murder in Chicago. Then calling Chicago, Chiraq referring to it being equal to an active war zone. In the video Colion Noir interviews Leonard GLC Harris a Hip-Hop artist who contradicts the statement made earlier in the video. Leonard Harris points out, what gets the ratings and news is murder and mayhem If you are constantly seeing murder and mayhem [explicit] you will become a reflection of that (NRA Noir, 2018). Leonard Harris later on in the video points out the crime problem is a culture problem. The number one way anybody learns is through the social learning theory. You can go to school all day and read whats in the books[] But, when you see your mother and father do and your friends[] on a daily bases thats what you are going to normalize. Leonard Harris ignores the fact and example that goes against the arguments he made. Leonard Harris who grew up in Chicago with the criminal parents, friends, and environment is a perfect example, that it is not only a social learning problem only. He is not a criminal and is a productive member of the community serving as perfect example as a Hip-Hop artist. They talk about African American culture and social learning being the problem, even though they have evidence stating it is not the only problem and cause for gun crime. They made the statements ignoring the examples and evidence that goes against the argument they were trying to make.

Minimum Wage Rates Impact On America - 2305 Words

Minimum Wage Rates Impact Christopher W. Thomas Liberty University Global Economic Environment BUSI-620 Dr. Nesli Duda Introduction Also referred to as living wage, minimum wage is the lowest hourly rate allowed by federal law to be paid to an employee by an employer that is usually determined by inflations and other economic factors. Usually, it is an economic program stipulating an employee’s benefits of working per hour valued against a hardship policy instigated by the employer. In the United States, the minimum wage first came to light during the Depression era which has propelled from levels of 25cents to $7.25 per hour since 1993 (David, 2013). Irrespective if this steep increase, matters inflation in the†¦show more content†¦In essence, this paper thus seeks to purport that raising the minimum wage would increase disposable income while at the same time encourage the country’s inflation and push the unemployment rate to new levels. Clearly, to some extent raising the minimum wage is both an economic and social safety for all those involved but at the same time has crippling effects on the government’s economy and those involved at large. Minimum wages impact on employees Each year that the minimum wage figures stay stagnated at a specific number in nominal dollars, the reality of inflation slowly bites in as its real value is gradually adjusted and in the long run minimum wage earners are left with payments that cannot sum up or fulfill their household and other personal needs. On analysis of this fact, it is evident that the well-being and living standards of minimum wage workers is highly threatened especially for those people who have families and in this earning bracket. Currently, at a minimum wage rate of $7.25 per hour on a full time basis does not necessarily negate to the fact that they get to cross the estimated government poverty line on an all rounded annual basis. Comparing the current status and the 1960s value rates, the wage income is not enough to cater for the needs of a woman together with her family simply

English Language and Linguistic Business Media

Question: Discuss about theEnglish Language and Linguistic for Business Media. Answer: Introduction: The article of Schneier has provided an in-depth overview about the importance of encryption in order to keep a constant protection in technological devices. Encryption is a systematic procedure of encoding messages based on which an authorized party can read the message only. Various government and non-governmental organizations can keep their confidential data and information by using encryption. Journalists are able to communicate with the secured sources with the help of encryption. As per the point of view of Schneie, encryption can be considered as one of the most essential components of security. To some extent, it is undeniable that Encryption renders a major security in the devises. As a result, people can keep their secured data within their device easily. Daemen Rijmen, (2013) stated that innumerable criminal investigations have been conducted by using encryption in order to maintain confidentiality in their data. Strong encryption is always unbreakable. Criminals, hackers would never be able to leak data. The article of Schneie has been differed strongly by many scholars. As per the point of view of Rayarikar, Upadhyay Pimpale, (2012), encrypted files need an appropriate password. If the user forgets the password by chance, the entire file would be demolished because an unauthorized person cannot open encrypted file. Encrypted file raise suspicion among the people in general. If a user likes to use encrypted file at the workplace, it may raise a suspicion for the other people. Therefore, the people around them tend to become violent in order to break the confidentialit y of data. On the other hand, Libert, Paterson Quaglia, (2012) opined that encryption is only fruitful for a single user. If two or more than two people intend to become involve within a single project they have to face immense challenges in order to operate the same device. However, the strength of this particular article is that Schneie has highlighted a deep insight about the essence of encryption. Schneie has discussed in detail on how encryption helps to maintain confidentially of data. The journalists, criminal investigators, bankers for maintaining online transactions are highly benefited and facilitated by using data encryption software. Schneie has highlighted the utilization of encryption in detail. At the same time, this specific article is not devoid of some of its major weaknesses as well. The author does not intend to mention the various ways of using encryption software and its risk factors (Talha Barry, 2013). Before using an encrypted file people should know the utilization of this software and its risk analysis. The entire study deals with the point of view of Schneie regarding the value of encryption for maintaining confidentiality of technological devices. Based on this article different scholars have expressed their point of view. Some of the disadvantages of encryption software have also been highlighted in this particular study. As per the critical analysis of the article of Schneie it can be evaluated that encryption helps to keep confidential data safe and secured. Therefore, user should know the process of using encryption. Reference List: Daemen, J., Rijmen, V. (2013).The design of Rijndael: AES-the advanced encryption standard. Springer Science Business Media. Rayarikar, R., Upadhyay, S., Pimpale, P. (2012). SMS encryption using AES Algorithm on Android.International Journal of Computer Applications,50(19). Libert, B., Paterson, K. G., Quaglia, E. A. (2012, May). Anonymous broadcast encryption: Adaptive security and efficient constructions in the standard model. InInternational Workshop on Public Key Cryptography(pp. 206-224). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Talha, S. K., Barry, B. I. (2013, August). Evaluating the impact of AES encryption algorithm on Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems. InComputing, Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICCEEE), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 686-691). IEEE.

Big Bang Theory Essay Research Paper Informative free essay sample

Big Bang Theory Essay, Research Paper Enlightening Essay 4-22-00 Freshman English 1 Big knock theory It is ever a enigma about how the existence began, whether if and when it will stop. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmogonic theoretical accounts that try to happen the reply. There are two such theoretical accounts: the Big Bang theory and the Steady State theoretical account. Because of many experimental groundss, the Big Bang theory best explains the creative activity of the existence. The Big Bang theoretical account postulates that approximately 15 to 20 billion old ages ago, the existence violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the affair and radiation of our present existence was packed together in an highly hot, heavy province. During the Big Bang, the affair and radiation of that early phase quickly expanded and cooled. Several million old ages subsequently, it condensed into galaxies. We will write a custom essay sample on Big Bang Theory Essay Research Paper Informative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The existence has continued to spread out, and the galaxies have continued traveling off from each other of all time since. Today, it has been observed that the existence is still spread outing. The Steady State theoretical account says that the existence does non germinate or alter with clip. There was no beginning in the yesteryear, nor should at that place be any alterations in the hereafter. This theoretical account assumes the perfect cosmogonic rule ; that the existence is the same everyplace on the big graduated table, at all times. It maintains the same mean denseness of affair and energy everlastingly. There is much experimental grounds that proves the Big Bang theoretical account is more sensible than the Steady State theoretical account. For illustration, the ascertained ruddy displacements of distant galaxies. Red displacement is a Doppler consequence that occurs when an object, such as a galaxy, is traveling off from the perceiver. The spectral line of the galaxy will hold a displacement to the ruddy terminal of the light spectrum. The faster the galaxy moves, the farther the displacement. If the galaxy is traveling nearer, the spectral line will be shifted toward the bluish terminal. If the galaxy is non traveling, there is no displacement at all. However, as uranologists have observed, the more distant a galaxy is from Earth, the more ruddy shifted it is on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it is traveling. This all implies that the existence is spread outing, and the Big Bang theoretical account is more sensible than the Steady State theoretical ac count. Another back uping piece of grounds is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang theoretical account predicts that the existence should still be filled with a little leftover of radiation left over from the original violent detonation. The about instantaneous enlargement would hold sent strong short-wave radiation in all waies into infinite. In clip, that radiation would distribute out, cooled, and filled the spread outing universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming every bit from all waies in the sky, twenty-four hours and dark, twelvemonth unit of ammunition. This radiation is assumed to be the radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious uncertainty on the Steady State theoretical account. The Steady State can non explicate the being of this radiation, so the theoretical account is thought to be incorrect in explicating the beginning of t he existence. Now that the Big Bang theoretical account has been shown to better fit experimental evi dence, it can be explained in greater item. Around 15 to 20 billion old ages ago, clip began. The points that were to go the existence exploded in the primeval bolide called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this detonation may neer be known. However, recent theoretical discoveries, based on the rules of quantum theory, have suggested that infinite, and the affair within it, masks an minute kingdom of arrant pandemonium, where events go on indiscriminately, in a province called quantum outlandishness. Before the existence began, this pandemonium was all there was. At some clip, a part of this entropy happened to organize a bubble, with a temperature in surplus of 10 to the power of 34 grades Kelvin. Bing that hot, of course it expanded. For a brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a 2nd, it inflated. At the terminal of the period of rising prices, the existence may hold had a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled plenty for atoms of affair and antimat ter to organize, but they immediately destroyed each other, bring forthing fire and a thin haze of affair ; likely because somewhat more affair than antimatter was formed. This bolide was the existence at an age of trillionth of a 2nd. The temperature of the spread outing bolide dropped quickly, chilling to a few billion grades in few proceedingss. Matter continued to distill out of energy, first protons and neutrons, so negatrons, and eventually neutrinos. After about an hr, the temperature had dropped below a billion grades, and protons and neutrons combined and formed H, heavy hydrogen, and He. In a billion old ages, this cloud of energy, atoms, and neutrinos had cooled plenty for galaxies to organize. The spread outing cloud cooled still farther until today, where the temperature is a twosome of grades above absolute nothing. In the hereafter, the existence may stop up in two possible state of affairss. From the initial Big Bang, the existence attained a velocity of enlargement. If that velocity is greater than the universe # 8217 ; s flight speed, so it will non halt spread outing. Such a existence is said to be unfastened. If the speed of enlargement is slower than the flight speed, the existence will finally make the bound of its outward push, merely like a ball thrown in the air comes to the top of its discharge, slows, Michigans, and starts to fall. The clang of the long autumn may be the Big Bang to the beginning of another existence, as the bolide formed at the terminal of the contraction leaps outward in another great enlargement. Such a existence is said to be closed, and throbing. If the existence has achieved flight speed, it will go on to spread out everlastingly. The stars will blush and decease, the existence will be like a limitless empty haze, spread outing boundlessly into the darkness. This infinite will go even emptier, as the cardinal atoms of affair age, and di sintegrate through clip. As the old ages stretch on into eternity, nil will stay. A few crude atoms such as antielectrons and negatrons will be revolving each other at distances of 100s of astronomical units. These atoms will gyrate easy toward each other until touching, and they will disappear in the last flash of visible radiation. After all, the Big Bang theoretical account is merely an premise. No 1 knows for certain precisely how the existence began and how it will stop. However, the Big Bang theoretical account is the most logical and sensible theory to explicate the existence in modern scientific discipline. 325